SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is the primary programming language used to develop applications on the SAP platform. ABAP Developers are responsible for creating and maintaining SAP applications, reports, interfaces, and enhancements. Interviewers typically focus on ABAP concepts, data dictionary, performance optimization, and SAP modules integration. Here are 25 common SAP ABAP Developer interview questions and answers to help you prepare effectively.
Q1. What is ABAP?
ABAP is a high-level programming language created by SAP for developing applications in the SAP environment.
Q2. What are the different types of data objects in ABAP?
Data objects include variables, constants, internal tables, and structures.
Q3. What is an internal table in ABAP?
An internal table is a temporary table stored in memory used to process and manipulate large sets of data.
Q4. What is a transparent table?
A transparent table has a one-to-one relationship with a database table and stores application data.
Q5. What are the different types of internal tables?
Standard, sorted, and hashed tables are the three main types of internal tables.
Q6. What is a data dictionary in SAP ABAP?
The data dictionary stores metadata definitions like tables, views, data elements, and domains used in SAP.
Q7. What is a report in ABAP?
A report is a program designed to generate lists or output data to the screen or printer.
Q8. What are modularization techniques in ABAP?
Includes subroutines (FORM), function modules, and methods to reuse code and improve program structure.
Q9. What is a function module?
A function module is a reusable procedure stored in a function group and can be called remotely or locally.
Q10. What is a BAPI?
BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) is a standardized method to access business processes and data in SAP.
Q11. How do you handle exceptions in ABAP?
Using TRY…ENDTRY blocks or classic exceptions in function modules.
Q12. What is a smart form?
Smart Forms are SAP tools to create and maintain formatted print output like invoices and purchase orders.
Q13. What is the difference between a structure and a table?
A structure is a collection of fields but cannot store data; a table can store multiple entries of structured data.
Q14. What are field symbols in ABAP?
Field symbols are placeholders or pointers to data objects used for dynamic programming.
Q15. What are data elements and domains?
Domains define the technical attributes of a field; data elements define the semantic meaning and label.
Q16. How do you optimize ABAP program performance?
Use efficient SQL queries, proper indexing, buffering, and avoid nested loops on large data sets.
Q17. What is ALV in ABAP?
ALV (ABAP List Viewer) is a tool to create interactive, formatted reports with features like sorting and filtering.
Q18. What is a transparent table vs. pool and cluster tables?
Transparent tables correspond directly to database tables; pool and cluster tables are logical tables stored physically together.
Q19. What is an enhancement in ABAP?
An enhancement is a way to add custom code without modifying standard SAP code, using user exits, BAdIs, or enhancement spots.
Q20. What is a BADI?
BADI (Business Add-In) is an object-oriented enhancement technique used to add custom functionality.
Q21. How do you debug an ABAP program?
Using the ABAP debugger tool accessible via transaction codes or during runtime exceptions.
Q22. What is a nested SELECT in ABAP?
A nested SELECT is a SELECT statement inside another SELECT or loop, which can impact performance.
Q23. What are the different types of reports in ABAP?
Classical reports, interactive reports, and executable programs are common types.
Q24. What is a lock object in ABAP?
Lock objects prevent simultaneous data access conflicts by locking records during updates.
Q25. How do you transport objects in SAP?
Using the Transport Management System (TMS) to move development objects between SAP systems.